Abstract
Resumen: El síndrome de hipersensibilidad a anticonvulsivantes (SHA) es una entidad rara (incidencia aproximada entre 1/1.000 a 1/10.000 pacientes expuestos a anticonvulsivantes), pero potencialmente grave (tasa de mortalidad aproximada: 10%). Se presenta el caso de un paciente con epilepsia focal secundaria a leucoencefalopatía posradioterapia con varios episodios de exantema generalizado tras la introducción de tratamiento antiepiléptico. Tras varios episodios, el paciente es diagnosticado de síndrome de Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), decidiéndose inicio de tratamiento con una benzodiacepina para control de las crisis hasta resolución del rash y eosinofilia.El SHA debe sospecharse en todo paciente en tratamiento antiepiléptico que presente: fiebre, rash, linfadenopatías y aumento de transaminasas. Es importante el reconocimiento precoz con la retirada del fármaco antiepiléptico causante para evitar complicaciones y desenlaces fatales. Abstract: Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare (incidence: 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 patients exposed to anticonvulsants), but potentially serious (approximate mortality rate: 10%) entity. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with left focal epilepsy due to post-radiotherapy leukoencephalopathy with several episodes of generalised rash after the introduction of antiepileptic treatment. After several episodes, the patient is diagnosed with Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. He was then treated with a benzodiazepine to control the seizures until resolution of rash and eosinophilia.AHS should be suspected in all patients under antiepileptic treatment who present: fever, rash, lymphadenopathies and increased transaminases. In this situation, the drug should be suspended. Knowledge of this entity can avoid fatal outcomes. Palabras clave: Síndrome de hipersensibilidad a anticonvulsivantes, Síndrome de Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, Anticonvulsivante, Antiepiléptico, Reacción adversa medicamentosa, Rash, Keywords: Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, Anticonvulsant, Antiepileptic drugs, Adverse drug reaction, Rash