Abstract
The optimal reactive power dispatch problem (ORPD) is a crucial tool in optimizing power flow by minimizing line losses. This problem is solved by finding optimal solutions to control variables to minimize power loss in lines. The paper introduces the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), a new optimization technique not yet introduced in the ORPD problem study. This unique metaheuristic approach, inspired by mathematical operators, balances exploration and exploitation to optimize control parameters. Although not a nature-inspired technique, it has demonstrated superior solution quality compared to many other methods, as reported in the literature. The AOA has demonstrated superior solution quality compared to other methods when tested on two test bus systems, the IEEE 30 bus system and the IEEE 300 bus system. It has acquired solutions with a significant reduction in the power loss to almost 18.92 % for the IEEE 30 bus system and 17.57 % for the IEEE 300 bus system. The AOA’s superior performance in resolving the ORPD issue was validated through statistical tests like the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric rank test, along with the computational complexity test. The study also confirmed that the AOA not only optimized the ORPD problem but also improved the overall voltage profile for both test bus systems.