Abstract
Corpus callosotomy is an established palliative surgical procedure for drug-resistant generalized epilepsy. Although total callosotomy (TC) is the conventional approach, posterior callosotomy (PC) has emerged as a potentially less morbid alternative that preserves prefrontal commissural connectivity. Detailed stereotaxic protocols for PC in rodent models are absent from the experimental literature. Here we describe a detailed, step-by-step surgical protocol for both PC and TC in adult male Wistar rats (500-700 g; 8-9 months) using the WIN-PTZ kindling paradigm as the epilepsy induction model. The protocol encompasses: (1) a validated seven-session pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling schedule (37.5 mg/kg, i.p., alternating days); (2) a complete multimodal anesthesia and analgesia regimen; (3) precise stereotaxic coordinates for both procedures, referenced from bregma using the Paxinos and Watson rat brain atlas; and (4) a postoperative PTZ rechallenge paradigm with behavioral outcome assessment using the revised Racine scale. Protocol feasibility was confirmed in 11 animals with no intraoperative mortality and full postoperative tolerability. This protocol provides a feasible and repeatable experimental foundation for callosal disconnection research and can be adapted to chronic or focal epilepsy models with electrophysiological monitoring. Eight brains were available for histological analysis; Luxol Fast Blue myelin staining was attempted in a single specimen but proved non-diagnostic in this unoptimized preparation. On hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue sections, representative specimens showed morphological features of an in vivo callosal lesion (hemorrhage and reactive gliosis with a mononuclear infiltrate) within the transected territory, although prolonged fixation compromised tissue quality and precluded evaluation of the transection in many specimens. The protocol therefore supports feasibility, procedural repeatability, and preliminary morphological evidence of callosal disconnection, while confirmation of myelinated-fiber interruption at the tract level remains to be established.