Abstract
Background and purpose
Prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) can detect deviations between planned and delivered proton spots. To date, PGI has been limited to body sites not influenced by regular motion or substantial intrafraction anatomical changes that can affect the proton range during treatment delivery. This study investigates the feasibility of time-resolved (4D) PGI treatment verification with a PGI slit camera, incorporating breathing motion in a first patient application.Material and methods
Synchronously acquired beam delivery (log files), breathing phase and PGI data are evaluated in 3D and 4D for four fractions with control CTs of a pancreatic cancer patient.Results
The first 4D PGI workflow was developed. The median range shifts between control CT-based simulation and PGI measurements were Conclusions
A 4D PGI workflow has been successfully developed and tested on a pancreatic-cancer patient, demonstrating the feasibility of PGI-based treatment verification for patients with tumors affected by respiratory motion, even though the proof-of-concept measurements were done with breathing suppression.