The Effects of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions on Turkey's Initiatives in Promoting Sustainable Environmental and Economic Development

Turkey has a major concern in managing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Although they ratified the Paris Agreement on October 2021 to tackle climate change, the country would face economic loss due to fossil fuel production and increasing carbon emissions. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) analysis indicates that Turkey's energy consumption is affected by population growth, natural gas price, carbon emissions, and loans put into non-renewable energy projects. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions while continue to stabilize the economy, active regulations must be implemented to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable urban development with proposed strategies.