Abstract
Tin-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) has drawn significant attention due to its bandgap, low fabrication cost, and remarkable power conversion efficiency. However, the PSC has not yet achieved the efficiency of Si solar cells, and the maximum efficiency obtained from a MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cell contains a toxic element (Pb). Therefore, to obtain an environmentally friendly and efficient PSC, a lead-free FASnI3 perovskite solar cell is designed in which FASnI3, TiO2, and Cu2O are considered as the absorber layer, ETL, layer and HTL layer, respectively, and the effects of doping on each layer are studied using SCAPS-1D. Here, it is observed that certain limits of doping concentration and thickness of the absorber layer have effects on performance parameters of the solar cell. However, almost no effect on VOC is observed due to the change in thickness of the absorber layer. In the case of HTL, the doping concentration and thickness have no effect on VOC, but within 1014 to 1016 doping concentration and above 0.4 µm thickness JSC, FF, and PCE reduce. The ETL layer thickness has almost no effect on the performance parameters, but the increase in doping concentration shows better performance. The effects on current-voltage characteristics, QE, generation rate, and recombination rate are also observed due to the doping of each layer.