Calcium Crystal Deposits in Kidney Allografts: The Interplay of PTH Levels and Phosphaturia

Rationale & objective Hyperparathyroidism is common in kidney transplant recipients and may contribute to graft injury through calcium crystal deposition. We investigated the association between pretransplant parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and calcium crystal deposits (CCDs) and whether fractional excretion of phosphate (FePi) mediates this relationship.Study design Retrospective single-center observational study.Setting & participants Forty-one kidney transplant recipients undergoing protocol biopsies at 3 and 12 months posttransplantation.Exposure Pretransplant PTH levels.Outcomes Presence of calcium crystal deposits in graft biopsies.Analytical approach Logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used to evaluate associations between PTH levels, FePi, and CCDs.Results CCDs were detected in 33% of biopsies at 3 months and 45% at 12 months. Higher pretransplant PTH levels were associated with increased odds of CCDs. Mediation analysis showed that approximately 72% of this effect was explained using FePi levels. At 24 months posttransplantation, no meaningful difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed between patients with and without CCDs.Limitations Retrospective design, small sample size, absence of fibroblast growth factor 23 level measurements, and limited adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusions Elevated pretransplant PTH levels are associated with calcium crystal deposition in kidney allografts, largely mediated by phosphate wasting. However, no clear impact on graft function was observed within the first 2 years posttransplantation.