Abstract
Background
Spine patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) frequently exceed recommended health literacy thresholds, limiting accessibility. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can simplify medical text, but their effects on validated outcome instruments remain unclear.Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of validated spine PROMs was conducted. Seventy-seven PROMs identified in a prior readability analysis were revised using ChatGPT 4.0 through a standardized prompt instructing simplification to a sixth-grade reading level. Pre and postrevision readability metrics were assessed using Readable.com across multiple grade-level and linguistic indices. Revised PROMs were additionally evaluated for content fidelity using a predefined taxonomy assessing alterations in response scales, recall timeframes, and item meaning. Differences were analyzed using the Exact Sign Test (α = 0.05).Results
Eighteen of nineteen linguistic parameters improved significantly following ChatGPT revision (p Conclusions
ChatGPT 4.0 substantially improved the readability of validated spine PROMs but frequently introduced structural modifications affecting validated content. Although LLMs may enhance linguistic accessibility, unsupervised PROM revision risks compromising measurement integrity. Structured implementation strategies incorporating expert review and psychometric validation may be necessary before AI-modified PROMs can be integrated into spine outcomes research.