The metabolic regulator: Why energy constraints imply generative models

Abstract We argue that under minimal thermodynamic and control-theoretic assumptions, metabolic constraints imply generative cognition. We formalize cognition as a resource-bounded controller of probability flows, where metabolic budgets define path-space divergence constraints. This reframes inference as a physically instantiated process governed by metabolic regulation, implying that progress in the cognitive sciences requires grounding cognitive models in nonequilibrium thermodynamics and dynamical systems.