Complex needs, overlooked anxiety: A narrative review of neuropsychological assessment and treatment of anxiety in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and intellectual developmental disorder

Abstract Objective: Recent studies indicate that anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health challenges faced by children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: For young individuals with concurrent Intellectual disability disorder, these rates are projected to be significantly elevated. Results: Despite the estimated high prevalence of anxiety among young individuals with co-occurring ASD and intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), significant uncertainty remains in the field about the most effective methods for identifying, diagnosing, and treating anxiety in this distinct group. Conclusions: The main objective of this narrative review is to examine the current literature on effective strategies and adjustments for evaluating and treating anxiety in children and adolescents who have co-occurring ASD and IDD, aiming to support professionals engaged with this significantly neglected group.