Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have accounted for an alarmingly increasing proportion of nationally reported human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases recently. While the latest HIV epidemic among this population was not well understood, the underlying reasons for the rapid increase of the HIV epidemic were even more rarely evaluated. This study reviewed all published articles and national surveillance data in recent years to analyze the new HIV epidemic among MSM in China, and this study finally concluded that a culture of risky sexual behaviors, low adoption of HIV testing and a high prevalence of syphilis infection were the major risk factors that predominantly facilitate homosexual HIV transmission. Both HIV infection and homosexuality remain highly stigmatized in China, which further exacerbates attempts at HIV prevention and control. A great deal of work still needs to be done for the national policy makers, programming, research and clinical sectors to help curb the HIV epidemic among Chinese MSM.