Abstract
Vein biometric authentication systems are crucial in military and forensic applications, where security remains a primary concern. The potential compromise of stored biometric data within databases poses a significant security risk. To address this problem, a hybrid biometric template protection method utilizing chaotic encryption and innovative perturbation algorithms has been introduced. The vein images are subjected to preprocessing, and vein line patterns are extracted utilizing line-tracking methods in conjunction with curvature analysis. The extracted features are integrated employing a feature fusion technique and preserved through an innovative perturbation-based encryption method. The encrypted images are subjected to thorough security evaluations, encompassing correlation analysis, pixel change rate (NPCR) testing, histogram examination, and entropy assessment. The proposed multimodal system exhibits an accuracy of 99.85% and an Equal Error Rate of 0.017 when utilizing the ResNet deep learning mode.