Abstract
Abstract
Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) hold promise for restoring motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, including applications in paralysis treatment and speech decoding. High-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide fine spatial and temporal discrimination of neural activity, but the considerable upsurge in data generation poses challenges for wireless transmission from miniaturized implants due to constraints on power, bandwidth, heat dissipation, and device size. To address these constraints, we propose a two-stage wireless iBCI architecture comprising a transdural galvanic-coupled body channel communication (BCC) link from a free-floating MEA to an intracranial unit, followed by a transcutaneous link to an external unit. This study focuses on the transdural BCC telemetry system, which provides compact, wideband, and energy-efficient data transmission. Phantom tests, and ex vivo experiments using a human cadaveric head specimen validate the system, demonstrating wireless transmission up to 500 Mbps with 20% duty cycling and bit error rates below 10⁻⁵. The system incorporates the send-on-delta encoder (SODA), achieving up to 11.4× data compression and reducing thermal load for meeting the safety guidelines. Safety is further examined using brain-on-a-chip models, which demonstrate that the system does not evoke unintended neural activity, supporting the platform’s long-term viability for high-resolution iBCIs.