Abstract
Visualization of complex spatial phenomena such as volcanic eruptions often abstract in conventional media, this hinders students' disaster preparedness. Although immersive technology offers solutions, the high cost of Virtual Reality (VR) hardware is a infrastructure constraint in Indonesian schools. This study aims to develop and evaluate web-based Metaverse as an inclusive, non-VR immersive learning medium for volcanic disaster mitigation. The media development used the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) 1, which emphasizes an iterative cycle of evaluation, design, and development to ensure the product remains stable and accessible through desktop devices.A cross-regional evaluation was conducted on 65 high school students in Candipuro (high-risk zone, N=35) and Singosari (low-risk comparison zone, N=30). The results showed that this media was categorized as “Very Feasible” with an average expert validation score of 91.36%. Analysis of student perceptions resulted in a average of 86.93% (Very Feasible). Specifically, students in Candipuro gave higher ratings (88.61%) than students in Singosari (84.98%), reflecting the content’s greater relevance to communities in high-risk zones. These findings indicate that web-based Metaverse platforms are capable of delivering a high-quality spatial presence without requiring expensive VR headsets, making them a sustainable solution for disaster education that can be scaled up in developing countries.