Abstract
This research aims to examine spatial transformations, their resulting impacts, and mitigation efforts along the Semarang–Cirebon land transport route. This research addresses the issue of the limited historical literature examining the relationship between transport and environmental aspects, particularly regarding spatial changes and their impacts. Semarang– Cirebon land transport route is the primary focus of this research due to its crucial significance during the Dutch colonial period. The methodology employed in this research is the historical method, which systematically comprises the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings reveal the development of land transport infrastructure in Semarang–Cirebon region increased during the Dutch colonial period, particularly the construction of roads and railway lines. Indeed, the development of land transport infrastructure in its region intensified in tandem with industrial growth. This development led to spatial transformations and environmental degradation. At a deeper level, this led to flooding disasters, which the Dutch colonial government sought to address through the implementation of various policies. These dynamics indicate that land transport in the Semarang–Cirebon region did not merely function as a means of transport, but also had a wide-ranging impact, including spatial changes and environmental issues. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the body of research on the history of geography and transport in Indonesia.