Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in climate change mitigation and adaptation through the absorption and storage of blue carbon. However, several challenges, such as anthropogenic pressures, can reduce their ecological function. This study maps mangroves in the Kendal– Semarang coastal area using Sentinel-2 imagery, then estimates carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and the economic value of carbon based on international carbon market prices. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of spatial, ecological, and economic aspects in assessing mangroves at the coastal area scale. Mangrove mapping was conducted using 2026 Sentinel-2 imagery processed in Google Earth Engine with a Random Forest classification combined with visual interpretation. The results identified 1,331.69 ha of mangroves distributed across seven subdistricts in Kendal Regency and Semarang City. The ecosystem was dominated by
Avicennia marina
and
Rhizophora mucronata
. Carbon sequestration and oxygen production were estimated using an oxygen production coefficient of 28.56 tO
2
/ha/year derived from a carbon sequestration rate of 39.27 tCO
2
/ha/year. Total oxygen production reached 38,033.07 tO
2
/year, while total carbon sequestration was estimated at 52,295.47 tCO
2
/year. Carbon valuation based on international carbon price scenarios ranged from USD 261,477 to USD 1,045,909 per year at carbon prices of USD 5–20/tCO
2
. These findings provide baseline information for sustainable coastal management and blue carbon assessment in industrial coastal regions.