Abstract
Hospitalization imposes multiple stressors on young children and their parents that place them at risk for both short-term and long-term negative outcomes. As a result, numerous researchers have developed and tested interventions to enhance coping outcomes in this population. This article describes major sources of stress for hospitalized young children and their parents, outcomes of hospitalization, and major factors influencing adjustment. In addition, a critique of prior intervention studies and recommendations for future research are highlighted.