Abstract
The dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is a chronic neurodegenerative illness. It will continue to increase because of rising life expectancy in the industrialized countries. Apart from the physicians interest to treat, there is also an economically justified interest to reduce the disease progression in this group of patients. The main intention of the treating physicians is to keep their patients independent as long as possible. Up to now Alzheimer's disease can only be treated symptomatically. The verified diagnosis of DAT still depends on the neuropathological investigation of brain tissue. Therefore the clinical diagnosis of DAT during lifetime should be supported by chemical analysis of typical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at an early stage. Meanwhile, several therapeutics with proven effectiveness in clinical studies are certified for the symptomatic treatment of DAT. However, these therapeutics are still relatively expansive. Due to this fact the clinical diagnosis of DAT should be supported by clinical-chemical markers before the beginning of such a treatment. In this paper we present the diagnostic steps in dementia patients, who are examined in our departments. Patients suspicious of DAT always are asked for a spinal tap in addition to other diagnostic tools. In case of a typical clinical constellation, the exclusion of a primarily vascular dementia as well as the proof of decreased A beta 1-42 peptides and an increased tau protein in CSF we recommend the new drugs for DAT as meaningful and justified therapeutics to yield optimal treatment.