Abstract
Abstract The article examines the enduring colonial legacy that has shaped the socio-political landscape of Manipur following its integration into the Indian Union. It highlights the complexities of the relationships between various ethnic groups, particularly the hill tribes and valley dwellers, which have been marked by confusion, hostility, and violence. The hasty and unplanned transfer of power from British colonial rule to the Indian State is identified as a critical factor contributing to the current stalemate in the region. The article discusses the final days of British Residency in Manipur, detailing its impact on local governance and the political ramifications that ensued. The activities of the Indian State, which replaced British authority, actually exacerbated the divide between the hill and valley populations, perpetuating a cycle of mistrust and conflict. Furthermore, various political organisations, representing different ethnic groups, attempted to unite in the face of these challenges, yet their efforts often fell short due to underlying tensions and historical grievances. The article also explores the movements for independence and secessionism that have emerged in response to these dynamics, framing them as manifestations of a colonial mindset that continues to influence contemporary politics in Manipur. The study calls for a deeper understanding of the historical context of hill-valley relations to address the ongoing conflicts and foster a more cohesive and peaceful society in Manipur.