Cardiac tamponade after removal of atrial intracardiac monitoring catheters in a pediatric patient: Case report

The incidence of cardiac tamponade after cardiac surgery is reported as ranging from 0.04% to 7%. Although a relatively infrequent complication, tamponade is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Reports of tamponade after pediatric cardiac surgery are few and generally associated with postcardiotomy syndrome or, less commonly, removal of left atrial or pulmonary artery catheters after surgery. A case is presented of cardiac tamponade in a pediatric patient resulting from removal of a direct atrial and a pulmonary artery catheter after cardiac surgery. The pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade is reviewed and the increased risk for pediatric patients is outlined. The case review is conducted in the context of existing policies in the reporting institution and recommendations for practice are discussed.