Abstract
Background
Stroke commonly leads to lower extremity motor impairment and reduced quality of life. Adjunctive rehabilitation approaches are often required to enhance recovery during the subacute phase.Objectives
To compare the effects of mirror therapy (MT) and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling (FES-C) as adjuncts to conventional rehabilitation in patients with subacute stroke.Methods
Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to a control, MT, or FES-C group (n = 15 each). All participants received conventional rehabilitation, with 30 minutes replaced by MT or FES-C in the groups, 5 days per week for six weeks. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Brunnstrom stage, Functional Independence Measure-Motor, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification, and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL).Results
All groups showed significant within-group improvements (p p = 0.004) and FES-C groups (MD - 3.00, 95% CI - 6.23 to -0.23, p = 0.008) demonstrated greater improvements in ΔFMA-LE scores. Only the FES-C group showed significantly greater gains in ΔBrunnstrom stage (MD - 0.80, 95% CI - 1.49 to -0.10, p = 0.007) and ΔSS-QOL (MD - 19.40, 95% CI - 35.70 to -3.09, p = 0.015). No significant differences were observed between MT and FES-C (p > 0.05).Conclusions
Despite the more advanced technological features of FES-C, MT also achieved improvements in lower extremity motor function, supporting its use as a simple and accessible adjunct intervention for post-stroke lower extremity rehabilitation.Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT06558721.Clinical trial registration number
The study was registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) (NCT06558721) and available a https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06558721?term=sefa%20c%C4%B1nar&rank=1.