Face and Content Validity of Farra Eye Model as a Surgical Simulator for Capsulorhexis Training

Several simulation models are available for cataract surgery training, but they have limitations in terms of quality and availability. The Farra Eye Model, a new cataract surgery simulator, was developed using 3D-printing technology to provide residents with more options. This study aims to determine its face and content validity as a surgical simulator for training capsulorhexis, a crucial step in cataract surgery. Ophthalmology residents and consultants at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, were asked to complete three capsulorhexis tasks in the eye model. Then, subjects were surveyed using a validated questionnaire to assess the face and content validity of the model. Responses were recorded using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) disagree to (5) strongly agree. Twenty-two subjects completed the tasks. The overall face validity score was favourable (3.67 ± 0.67). However, the resident group considered capsule elasticity poor (2.73 ± 1.1), while the consultant group still felt it realistic (3.64 ± 0.9). The content validity had a favourable score in the overall assessment (4.15 ± 0.58) and for each assessment component. Despite the challenge of replicating human lens capsule elasticity, the Farra Eye Model demonstrates initial evidence supporting its use for capsulorhexis training. It can be helpful for training programs with limited access to commercially available simulation models.