Inwardness and the Quest for Originality

Abstract This chapter focuses on the ideas of inwardness and originality as important aspects of the notion of freedom. By inwardness, the human being is free to bring to fruition the abilities and possibilities lying dormant in the depths of the soul. In the ancient cultures, a few sources exist which allow for and even focus on unfolding one’s own creative abilities. There exists a certain understanding of a person’s inwardness, often described with the image of the heart, grounded on introspection. The most important aspect of the modern notion of inwardness is the quest for originality. In this chapter, I present examples that reveal an awareness of the inner self with regard to questions of originality, providing case examples of a form of individuality that opposes conformity. Especially in ancient Egypt, but also in other ancient Near Eastern cultures, originality enables individuals to focus on their inner selves and develop something new that does not originate in the outside world.