Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Whether digoxin withdrawal is safe in patients with heart failure (HF) optimized on contemporary guideline-recommended medical therapy remains unknown. This pre-specified analysis of the DECISION trial evaluated outcomes following blinded withdrawal of digoxin or placebo.
Methods
In DECISION, 1001 patients were randomized to low-dose digoxin or placebo and treated for a median of 36.5 months. At the end of the study, 587 patients on active treatment (digoxin 288 and placebo 299) underwent blinded withdrawal with an in-person follow-up visit at 6 weeks. All events were adjudicated.
Results
During the pre-withdrawal phase (100 days), incidence rates of cardiovascular (CV) death or worsening HF events were 5.7 vs 6.5 events per 100 patient-years in the digoxin vs placebo group; rate ratio (RR) 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.24–3.10]. Following withdrawal, the incidence rate increased markedly in patients withdrawn from digoxin but not placebo (42.8 vs 5.9 events per 100 patient-years; time period-by-treatment interaction, P = .036). Fourteen events (12 hospitalizations and 2 urgent HF visits) occurred in the digoxin withdrawal arm vs two (one HF hospitalization and one CV death) in the placebo withdrawal arm (RR 7.37, 95% CI 1.56–34.88; P = .012). Withdrawal of digoxin was accompanied by an increase in heart rate (P = .003), reduction in systolic blood pressure (P = .014), and rise in NT-proBNP (P = .002).
Conclusions
Discontinuation of digoxin after long-term treatment is associated with clinical deterioration in patients with HF and a reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. These findings warrant caution when stopping digoxin.