Abstract
Chronic wounds remain a significant clinical challenge despite advances in dressings, biologics, and adjunctive therapies. Patients referred to advanced wound centers following unsuccessful treatment often demonstrate recurring and potentially correctable factors that contribute to delayed healing. Drawing upon observations from a quaternary referral wound center, this article focuses on recurring and potentially correctable factors encountered during evaluation of wounds that have failed to progress despite prior care. Although these patterns are neither novel nor unexpected, they continue to recur despite well-established wound care principles and treatment guidelines. This article highlights common pitfalls identified in patients referred for advanced wound care evaluation. Commonly encountered issues include inadequate implementation of compression therapy and lower extremity elevation, ineffective offloading in diabetic foot ulcers, limited attention to patient adherence and behavioral factors, and incomplete evaluation of underlying contributors to wound chronicity. Additional patterns include continued use of outdated or nonevidence-based topical agents, misapplication of debridement principles (particularly removal of stable eschar), and incomplete evaluation of underlying pathophysiology such as vascular insufficiency. Patients are frequently referred after undergoing advanced interventions, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and grafting procedures, before optimization of fundamental wound care principles. In these settings, suboptimal patient selection and sequencing of therapy, particularly in the presence of uncontrolled edema or inadequate offloading, may contribute to prolonged treatment without clinical benefit. These observations highlight recurring gaps between recommended care and real-world execution. Recognition of these recurring pitfalls may improve wound healing outcomes, promote more effective use of advanced therapies, and reduce the need for escalation of care.