Abstract
Laryngeal cancer remains a global health concern. Using Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 data, we conducted a cross-sectional study, calculated age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) with the Segi–Doll standard, assessed human development index (HDI) correlations, and projected burden to 2050. In 2022, there were 189.2 thousand new cases and 103.4 thousand deaths worldwide; ASIR was 1.9/100 000 and ASMR 1.0/100 000. Males had higher burden than females (ASIR 3.5 vs. 0.5; ASMR 1.9 vs. 0.2 per 100 000). Medium-HDI countries had the highest ASIR (2.5/100 000) and ASMR (1.6/100 000), while lower-HDI countries experienced higher mortality burdens. South Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and Eastern Europe reported the highest cases and deaths, while the Caribbean had the highest ASIR (4.3/100 000) and ASMR (2.2/100 000). India and China had the highest cases and deaths, whereas Cuba reported the highest ASIR (8.3/100 000) and ASMR (4.0/100 000). Incidence peaked at ages 80–84 and mortality at greater than or equal to 5; Chad showed the youngest peak age. From 1990 to 2021, ASIR and ASMR declined overall but varied by gender and age. By 2050, 49.5% countries are projected to increases, especially in Asia and Africa, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies. Priority regions for intervention include South Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and Eastern Europe, with older males and populations in low-HDI countries being particularly vulnerable. Targeted strategies should consider local risk factors and healthcare accessibility.