Abstract
Abstract
We investigate the specific heat and isentropic bulk modulus of finite-temperature pure SU(3) gauge matter within a lattice-data-driven phenomenological framework. The equation of state is formulated in terms of a temperature-dependent effective gluon mass constrained by lattice QCD pressure data as input, allowing the pressure, trace anomaly, gluon number density, energy per thermally active gluonic mode, and derivative-sensitive response functions to be derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner. The resulting pressure and trace anomaly reproduce the characteristic lattice behavior across the deconfinement region, while the effective gluonic degrees of freedom increase rapidly above
$$T_c$$
T
c
. The normalized specific heat
$$C_V/T^3$$
C
V
/
T
3
develops a pronounced enhancement in the vicinity of
$$T_c$$
T
c
, reflecting the rapid temperature variation of the energy density across the deconfinement region. The isentropic bulk modulus
$$K_S/T^4$$
K
S
/
T
4
also rises sharply across the transition region, indicating a substantial stiffening of the equation of state. At high temperatures, both response functions gradually approach values close to their massless conformal Stefan–Boltzmann reference values, with
$$\left( C_V/T^3\right) _\textrm{SB}=32\pi ^2/15\simeq 21.06$$
C
V
/
T
3
SB
=
32
π
2
/
15
≃
21.06
and
$$\left( K_S/T^4\right) _\textrm{SB}=32\pi ^2/135\simeq 2.34$$
K
S
/
T
4
SB
=
32
π
2
/
135
≃
2.34
. These findings indicate that the specific heat and isentropic bulk modulus provide complementary constraints on the temperature evolution of nonconformal dynamics in pure SU(3) gauge matter.