Abstract
Background
Malnutrition and sarcopenia negatively affect outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunonutrition has been proposed to improve perioperative recovery, but evidence remains limited, particularly in oral cancer surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate postoperative weight changes, muscle status, complications, and hospital stay in patients with OSCC who received a perioperative immune‐nutritional protocol.
Methods
We conducted a single‐center prospective observational cohort study including 22 patients surgically treated for OSCC between January 2022 and January 2024. All patients received perioperative immunonutrition administered orally or via nasogastric tube at four timepoints (T0: preoperative; T1: immediate postoperative; T2: discharge; T3: 30 days). All patients underwent anthropometric measurements, muscle strength assessment, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (muscle mass, phase angle, and total body water). All evaluations were performed at each study timepoint.
Results
The study population consisted of 62% females, with a mean age of 65 ± 10 years, and 17% of patients presented clinically relevant nutritional risk at baseline. Patients experienced a mean weight loss of 2.1 kg during the early postoperative hospitalization period, followed by a partial recovery of 1.2 kg within 30 days (
p
Conclusions
In patients undergoing surgery for OSCC, the perioperative immune‐nutritional protocol was associated with minimal postoperative weight loss and stable functional muscle status. Additionally, the postoperative recovery patterns in this cohort were favorable, and the complication rates were low.
Clinical Implications
Integrating immunonutrition into enhanced recovery (ERAS) pathways may optimize surgical outcomes, reduce hospitalization costs, and improve patient quality of life.