Abstract
Thiazoles are one among the interesting heterocyclic compounds that have garnered significant attention over many years. They have left an indelible mark in the field of synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. Their insights have been tremendous in recent years for research and drug development. They are mainly synthesized via [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadditions/annulations. Apart from the traditional synthetic procedures, there have been a positive shift with several modifications in optimizing reaction conditions to afford thiazole analogs in high yields. The use of green synthetic protocols such as microwave‐assisted synthesis, ultrasound‐promoted synthesis, and metal‐free synthesis is discussed in this review to provide an outlook of recent advances in the field of thiazole‐based chemistry. Green synthetic protocols have several advantages over conventional methods, including shorter reaction times, solvent‐free synthesis, ionic liquid–mediated synthesis, low‐catalyst loading, minimum use of solvents, and high product yields. Therefore, the significance of thiazole‐based chemistry is provided in this review along with their biological advancements. Most of the compounds considered in this review have been interesting due to their significant biological activity. Molecular docking puts forward major interactions of the target compounds with different amino acid residues, which mimic the docking pattern of standard reference drugs. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies provide the significance of various substituents linked to the thiazole ring and their effect on concerned biological activity. Thus, herein, we present a review that covers exclusive literature of the past five years, which is helpful for the chemists and biologists working on thiazole‐based medicinal chemistry for drug discovery.