Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the guideline knowledge alignment of two large language models (LLMs), GPT‐5.5 Instant and DeepSeek‐V4, and to determine their preclinical reliability as reference tools in refractive surgery.
Methods
Using the 38 evidence‐based recommendations of the international keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) guidelines as the gold standard, both LLMs were evaluated in their default configurations. Two ophthalmologists independently assessed the clinical safety and medical accuracy of the model responses using a 5‐point Likert scale (1–5 points). Agreement between each model’s recommendation strength and the guideline was quantified by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), structural reliability by the DISCERN scale, and readability by the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) indices.
Results
Likert ratings did not differ between GPT‐5.5 Instant (4.96 ± 0.206) and DeepSeek‐V4 (4.89 ± 0.385;
p
= 0.134). Across 114 independent generations, the ICC for agreement with the guideline was 0.884 (95% CI, 0.836–0.918) for GPT‐5.5 Instant and 0.739 (0.640–0.813) for DeepSeek‐V4 (both
p
p
= 0.085); FRE, 9.93 ± 8.33 and 3.74 ± 5.24 (
p
p
Conclusion
Both models aligned closely with the guidelines, with significant concordance in GRADE‐based recommendation strength. They may serve as preclinical reference tools in refractive surgery but not as a substitute for specialist judgment.