A Typology of Intergroup Competencies

The authors propose a theoretically and empirically grounded typology of 14 intergroup competence skills that may be applied across social group differences. The skills are classified according to two dimensions—approach (reflection and action) and focus (self, relationships, context, and organizational patterns). Self-related skills include becoming aware of one’s cultural values and assumptions, committing to personal change, processing emotions, and reframing one’s mental models. Relationship skills include empathizing with multiple perspectives, differentiating intent from impact, engaging in inquiry and openness, and engaging in responsible feedback. Contextual (critical consciousness) skills include connecting the personal to the cultural and societal and addressing dominant/nondominant group dynamics. Organizational skills include identifying systemic patterns, identifying one’s role in perpetuating patterns, surfacing undiscussables, and advocating and engaging in systemic change.