Abstract
Misinformation constitutes a societal practice and challenge that necessitates unwavering attention worldwide. In this essay, we discussed the theoretical advancement and empirical evidence in misinformation research, encompassing a review of definitions of misinformation, research orientations, research perspectives, and vulnerable groups. We then reviewed the misinformation fueled by generative artificial intelligence (AI) and the evolving conceptualization of literacy. To counter AI-fueled misinformation, we argue that the development of ethical AI necessitates regulations from AI practitioners and legislation, and ethical uses of AI require efforts in AI literacy education and research. The AI literacy should include (a) users’ understanding and critical evaluation of knowledge, values, and cultures within which AI systems function, and their implications on the AI-generated content, (b) users’ strategic interpretation and proper use of AI-generated content, and (c) users’ utilization of feedback mechanisms to promote institutional management of the AI power.