Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the associations of multiple noninvasive liver fibrosis scores with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome severity and clinical outcomes.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 8,592 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. Six noninvasive liver fibrosis scores, including LiverRisk, metabolic dysfunction-associated fibrosis 5 (MAF-5), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with advanced CKM syndrome. Cox proportional hazards models and Fine–Gray competing-risk models were applied to evaluate associations with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, respectively. Restricted cubic spline, subgroup, sensitivity, and incremental prediction analyses were also performed.
Results
The participants had a mean age of 50.82 ± 0.22 years, 51.85% were female, and 12.30% had advanced CKM syndrome. During a median follow-up of 7.42 years, 599 all-cause deaths and 166 CVD deaths occurred. Higher LiverRisk, MAF-5, NFS, FIB-4, and SAFE scores were significantly associated with advanced CKM syndrome, whereas APRI was not. All six fibrosis scores were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality. For CVD mortality, higher LiverRisk, NFS, FIB-4, and SAFE were significantly associated with increased risk, with corresponding sHRs of 3.84, 3.54, 2.25, and 3.63, respectively (all
P
Conclusion
Higher LiverRisk, MAF-5, NFS, FIB-4, and SAFE scores were associated with advanced CKM syndrome, whereas all six scores were associated with all-cause mortality. LiverRisk, NFS, FIB-4, and SAFE showed more consistent associations with CVD mortality.