Abstract
Abstract
Background
The tumor immune microenvironment critically influences progression and therapeutic response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). MYBL2 drives tumor aggressiveness, while CCL5 regulates immune-cell recruitment; however, their combined impact on immune composition and PD-1 therapy response remains undefined.
Methods
Tumor specimens from 127 ICC patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry and whole-slide digital quantification. MYBL2 and CCL5 expression were classified into four combinatorial phenotypes. Associations with immune-cell infiltration, survival, and treatment response were evaluated using correlation analysis, Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression, and PD-1 interaction analyses. Seventy patients received adjuvant PD-1 therapy.
Results
MYBL2 and CCL5 expression were positively correlated (
r
= 0.38,
p
r
= 0.31,
p
Conclusion
The MYBL2–CCL5 co-expression phenotype identifies an immunosuppressive, TAM-dominant microenvironment and serves as a dual biomarker for both prognosis and PD-1 treatment sensitivity in ICC. This immunologic classification offers a practical framework for postoperative risk stratification and personalized immunotherapy decision-making.