Abstract
Abstract Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) is critical in healthcare, yet the unique risks in audiology practice remain underexplored in Ghana. This study investigated the microbial contamination of audiological clinical environment and corresponding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of practitioners. Methods A cross-sectional, multi-method design was employed. A KAP questionnaire was distributed to licensed audiologists nationwide via REDCap through the Speech Therapists and Audiologists Association of Ghana (STAAG) WhatsApp platform. Direct observations of seven audiologists were conducted in three selected facilities (two public, one private) in the Greater Accra Region. Using STATA MP14, descriptive analysis was conducted. Swab samples were collected from audiologists’ palms, clothing, work surfaces, and equipment at the selected facilities for microbial culture. Contamination levels were compared using z-test for proportions. Results The KAP survey of 57 audiologists demonstrated a strong IPC knowledge and positive attitudes. However, direct observations revealed non‑compliance with hand hygiene, PPE use, and disinfection protocols. A weak but significant negative correlation existed between self‑reported and observed practices (r = − 0.263, p = 0.048). Concurrently, microbial analysis of 72 samples identified fifty‑four Bacillus spp. and forty Staphylococcus spp. isolates across both private and public facilities. Mixed bacterial contamination was found on clinicians’ hands (22%), surfaces (67%), and equipment (11%). Contamination levels were significantly higher in public facilities (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.17–0.51). Conclusion Despite strong IPC knowledge, actual compliance was poor, with contamination indicating transmission risks. This highlights the need for context‑specific IPC training, monitoring, and enforcement within audiology services in Ghana.