Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection remains a major public health challenge in resource-limited settings. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest China bears a dual high burden of HIV and TB. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends of HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan from 2019 to 2024 and to inform integrated prevention strategies.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3367 HIV-TB co-infected cases extracted from the National HIV/AIDS and TB surveillance systems. Records were linked via unique identifiers. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for trend assessed incidence trends, demographics, transmission routes, treatment outcomes, and drug resistance.
Results
From 2019 to 2024, HIV-TB incidence declined from 12.26 to 8.76 per 100,000 (
χ
2
trend
= 40.459,
P
P
P
χ
2
trend
= 8.481,
P
trend
= 0.004).
Conclusion
During the implementation of integrated strategies, HIV-TB incidence showed a declining trend, particularly in high-burden areas and younger populations. Persistent challenges—stagnant incidence and poor outcomes in the elderly, high loss to follow-up (10.87%), rising drug resistance—require targeted interventions: leveraging the Yi “clan” (
Jiazhi
) system, strengthening active screening and nutritional support for older adults, optimizing drug resistance surveillance, and integrating digital health tools.