Abstract
Introduction. Functional fitness and independence in daily activities are crucial elements that contribute to the quality of life in elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the functional fitness of elderly patients with pulmonary diseases, evaluate their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), and examine their cognitive, social, and emotional well-being.
Methods. The study included 80 patients aged 65 and older, recruited from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Pulmonology Center. Functional fitness was evaluated using the ADL, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and the NOSGER scale.
Results. Over half of participants (57%) were aged between 65 and 74 years, with a balanced gender distribution. Most participants reported having 4 to 5 comorbidities. The mean ADL score was 5.26 ± 1.15. ADL scores were significantly higher in younger participants (p = 0.006) and those who were married (p = 0.015). The mean IADL score was 20.08 ± 4.2, with women scoring higher than men (p = 0.038). IADL scores declined with age (p = 0.042) and increased with the number of comorbidities (p = 0.010). The mean on the NOSGER scale was 65.09 ± 14.10 score, with the greatest impairments noted in social behavior, mood, and instrumental activities of daily living. The highest scores according to the NOSGER scores were associated with more comorbidities and widowhood (p = 0.025).
Conclusions. Functional ability and independence in elderly individuals decline with age and the presence of multiple comorbidities. Gender, marital status, and social support significantly contribute to maintaining independence. The results highlight the need to intensify support efforts for individuals in the oldest age group (85+ years) to help preserve their functionality and independence.