The state of iodine deficiency in Kyrgyzstan: Insights from studies of knowledge, attitudes and practices

Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding iodine deficiency among the population of Kyrgyzstan, with a focus on pregnant women, and to correlate these factors with the urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires and urine sample analysis to evaluate iodine status. A multistage stratified sampling method ensured a representative sample from both urban and rural areas. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and KAP variables, whereas chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of KAP outcomes. Results The study included 690 participants, with balanced representation from both urban and rural areas. The mean knowledge score was moderate, with significant gaps in the understanding of iodine deficiency. The participants generally had positive attitudes toward iodine intake but exhibited suboptimal practices, especially in rural areas. Pregnant women demonstrated greater knowledge, but fewer practical behaviors related to iodine intake. Compared with rural participants, urban participants had higher UIC levels, indicating better iodine nutrition. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that residence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices significantly influenced UIC levels. Conclusion Despite existing iodization programs, significant gaps remain in the knowledge and practices related to iodine intake, particularly in rural areas. This study highlights the need for targeted public health interventions to improve iodine nutrition and reduce the burden of iodine deficiency disorders in Kyrgyzstan. Enhancing public health education, improving the accessibility and affordability of iodized salt, and regularly monitoring the iodine status are essential strategies for addressing these issues.