Abstract
Background
Low socioeconomic status and frailty are factors of vulnerability in old age. They are both well-known risk factors of death. On the other hand, low socioeconomic status has been reported as a predictor of frailty, which questions the relationship between socioeconomic status, frailty and death.Objectives
The aim of this work was to explore the respective contribution of psychosocioeconomic precariousness - which covers socioeconomic status and also psychosocial vulnerability - and frailty in predicting mortality.Design
Prospective population-based study.Setting
Three-City (3C) Bordeaux study, France.Participants
The sample consisted of 1586 subjects aged 65 or older.Measurements
Psychosocioeconomic precariousness was assessed utilizing a structured instrument which assessed poor socioeconomic status, and psychosocial vulnerability. Frailty status was defined by Fried's phenotype.Results
After 14 years of follow-up, 665 deaths (42%) occurred. Psychosocioeconomic precariousness and frailty had both an independent contribution to mortality prediction (hazard ratio (HR) 1.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.07)) and (HR 1.68 (95% CI 1.19-2.38)), respectively. Such relationships were adjusted for age, sex, disability, and comorbidities. No interaction term was found between precariousness and frailty.Conclusions
If psychosocioeconomic precariousness and frailty are both aspects of vulnerability in old age, they have a non-overlapping contribution in the prediction of mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both psychosocioeconomic precariousness and frailty when identifying elderly people at risk of death.