Abstract
The energy efficiency of residential buildings is a key issue in contemporary urban development, as appropriate external renovations can result in a significant reduction in harmful emissions. In Pécs, a substantial proportion of the housing stock consists of panel-type apartment buildings, whose distribution across ten urban districts exhibits pronounced territorial differentiation. The aim of this paper is to examine the spatial distribution of energy modernization efforts in these panel buildings. A further objective is to identify the differentiating factors behind the disparities among districts and to propose development strategies for areas that have been partially or entirely excluded from modernization processes. The study primarily relies on secondary data derived from previous energy modernization assessments, provided by the municipal government. Following statistical processing, the data were visualized using geographic information system (GIS) software to reveal and interpret spatial differences. The analysis of influencing factors was complemented by insights gained from semistructured interviews with the head of the city operations department. Field surveys were documented through notes and photographic records. The findings confirm earlier assumptions: western districts have the highest proportion of renovated buildings, southern districts represent transitional zones, while eastern districts remain the least modernized. The results also highlight territorial influencing factors that lead to significant deviations in the energy modernization status among the districts. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating panel buildings that have so far been omitted from energy modernization programs, outlining potential tools and approaches for their inclusion.