Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and efficiency of the existing industrial fleet of induc-tion motors, which are the main consumers of electricity in Ukraine's industrial sector. The systemic problems of their operation are highlighted: a critical share of morally and physically obsolete equipment, high accident rates, chronic underloading of machines due to excessive power margins integrated during design, and the lack of continuous moni-toring of their technical condition. The strategic relevance of improving the energy efficiency of electromechanical equipment under the conditions of energy resource scarcity is substantiated. The expediency of an integrated approach to modernization is proven, which envisages both the phased targeted replacement of worn-out units with modern effi-cient analogues of high energy-saving classes (IE3, IE4, and IE5) and the optimization of their operating conditions, taking into account power quality indicators and the reliability of power supply systems. Particular attention is paid to the systematization of constraining factors. Institutional, socio-psychological, and personnel barriers have been identi-fied, including the low motivation of enterprise management due to the lack of direct responsibility for energy effi-ciency. An acute shortage of qualified specialists in the diagnostics and adjustment of modern variable speed drives is noted. Regulatory and legal restrictions related to the absence of a targeted state program for modernizing the existing motor fleet in Ukraine, as well as the lack of effective state economic incentives for business, are outlined. At the scien-tific and methodological level, the problem of instrumental estimation of the actual load factor and efficiency of motors directly under production conditions without dismantling is considered. A specific practical example illustrates the risk of making erroneous operational decisions when using current simplified methods for calculating baseline operating parameters. Ref. 14, figure.