Abstract
This study aims to identify the most suitable and stable durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties for organic farming. Thirteen varieties (four traditional and nine improved) were evaluated over three consecutive years (2022–2024) in two contrasting environments (Beja, sub-humid, and Bousselem, semi-arid) under two cropping systems (organic and conventional). Grain yield stability was assessed using complementary stability indices to evaluate genotype performance, adaptation, and yield stability across environments. The varieties "Dhahbi", "Khiar", "Biskri", "INRAT100", "Maali", and "Monastir" showed good yield potential under organic conditions, reaching between 2,600 and 2,900 kg ha⁻¹. However, only "INRAT100" and "Monastir" stood out for their remarkable stability, with a bᵢ close to 1, low variability (CV of 17.48 and 2.31%), and low ecovalence values according to Wricke and Shukla. These results were confirmed by the Plaisted and Peterson, Lin and Binns, and GAI indices, highlighting the complementarity of these stability indices for identifying high-performing and stable genotypes. Therefore, "INRAT100" and "Monastir" appear to be the most promising, best-adapted, and most stable genotypes for organic durum wheat cultivation, providing valuable candidates for cultivar recommendation and supporting sustainable durum wheat production in Tunisia.