Abstract
h m a n i a s i s is a vector-borne tropical disease associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations and immunosuppression leading to parasite survival.Chemokines which act as chemo-attractants for generating innate immune responses are significant in bringing innate and adaptive responses side by side for combating against infection.The independency and interdependency of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells on Th1/Th2 signalling pathways and an imbalance in immune responses could lead to disease progression.Although Interleukin-(IL-)12 is crucial in generating protective Th1 response against the disease, various members of the IL-12 family perform diverse immune functions due to their chain pairing promiscuity.This review focuses on the immunopathogenesis of VL by chronologically summarising the developments in the studies of the immune regulation as well as the mechanisms involved.A better understanding of the innate and adaptive immune functioning of the host could aid in rational control and better therapeutic intervention of the disease.