Abstract
The review examines the state of the art of diagnosis and therapy of high-grade gliomas both by currently existing clinical guidelines, and from the point of view of the most promising approaches of currently undergoing laboratory tests and the first clinical trials. One of the most promising approach for the treatment of malignant gliomas is the nonpathogenic oncolytic viruses (OV) application. The data of preclinical trials of OV and the first preliminary results of clinical trials are discussed.