Abstract
The paper discusses the use of nanocarbon materials as promising catalysts in the context of green chemistry, which is aimed at reducing the environmental impact of chemical production. Particular attention is paid to the structural characteristics of nanomaterials (dimensionality, porosity, defectivity, surface chemistry, heteroatom doping) and their relationship with catalytic activity. It has been shown that the variation of these parameters allows for the purposeful modification of the properties of nanocarbon catalysts, in particular carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and activated carbons, to improve their efficiency in oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydration, etc. reactions. The work aims to systematize the knowledge on the influence of the structural characteristics of nanocarbon substances on their catalytic action, which is relevant for the development of sustainable, resource-saving technologies.