Abstract
Oil and petroleum products are one of the most dangerous types of pollution, which can manifest itself at all stages of technogenesis. Understanding the changes that occur in the soil when various amounts of oil enter it, and the reactions of living organisms to pollution, make it possible to correctly determine the state of the soil ecosystem and select effective remedial measures in specific conditions of oil contamination of the soil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the reaction of different parts of the soil microbiota to oil pollution.
To determine the response of soil microorganisms to oil pollution, we studied the dynamics of the number of the main physiological groups of bacteria and microscopic fungi in soils with a certain oil content. The following oil concentrations were used in this study: 1; 5; 10; 50; 100; 200; 300 and 500 cm3/kg.
A study of the dynamics of microflora in oil-contaminated soils showed a significant linear increase in the number of microorganisms of various ecological and physiological groups in the concentration range of 10¸100 cm3/kg. It has been shown that the basis of the microcenosis of the studied soil at high oil concentrations is spore-forming and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria.
Unlike to bacteria, microscopic fungi showed a sharp decrease in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) at oil concentrations in the soil at a level of 10-100 cm3/kg. However, in the range of high oil concentrations, their number remained at an almost constant level and at an oil load of 500 cm3/kg was almost twice as high as the number of bacteria.