Abstract
In conditions of intensive farming, post-harvest plant residues, in particular straw, become a significant logistical and environmental challenge. A promising alternative is the use of biological destructors, which provide targeted transformation of plant residues in the soil by stimulating biotic processes. Biodestructors not only accelerate the mineralization of organic matter, but also enrich the soil microbiome with beneficial, metabolically active microorganisms that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic and saprophytic species. The carbon released during the decomposition of straw is integrated into humification processes, stimulating the synthesis of humic and fulvic acids - key components of stable soil organic matter. In field conditions, a study was conducted on the effectiveness of different compositions of destructors (bacterial, fungal and combined bacterial-fungal) when applied to organic corn residues. Soil samples were analyzed according to generally accepted microbiological methods. The assessment of the direction of microbiological processes was carried out using ecological coefficients. The results showed that within 60 and 180 days after the introduction of biodestructors, the values of Km, Kol and Kped in the experimental variants did not exceed 1, which indicates a balanced course of biotic processes and a harmonious ratio of synthetic and destructive mechanisms in the soil. For the control variant, these indicators were at or slightly above unity, which indicates a less stable state of the microbiological environment. The coefficient of transformation of organic matter 60 days after treatment with biodestructors exceeded the control indicators by 2.3–3.2 times, depending on the type of destructor. On the 180th day, the K of the experimental variants was 1.5 times higher than the control. This indicates a prolonged effect of destructors and effective conversion of organic matter throughout the vegetation cycle. Therefore, the formation of a favorable soil microbiome as a result of the use of biodestructors ensures not only the rapid processing of plant residues, but also contributes to the stabilization of physiological and metabolic processes in the soil environment.