Abstract
Problem. In Ukraine, the current sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and right-of-way (ROW) zones of overhead power lines (OHLs), within which the construction of residential buildings is prohibited, are established by regulatory legal acts solely based on the criterion of electric field (EF) strength, without taking into account magnetic field (MF) flux density. This situation poses a serious threat to the health of the population living near OHLs, since, unlike the EF, the MF has a significantly higher penetrating capacity and, under conditions of long-term exposure, exhibits carcinogenic properties. Furthermore, the features of MF distribution outside the current OHL ROW zones remain insufficiently studied. This creates risks of widespread population exposure exceeding the maximum permissible level of the MF. Goal. Substantiation of the boundaries of SPZ for designed 0.4–330 kV OHLs based on the regulatory MF flux density level of 0.5 μT, and the development of rational methods for normalizing the MF level of existing OHLs. Methodology. A comprehensive combination of theoretical and experimental studies of the MF flux density distribution of 0.4–330 kV OHLs outside their current ROW zones, as well as a comparative sanitary and hygienic assessment of the obtained data. Results. The necessity of expanding the boundaries of ROW (SPZ) zones for 110–330 kV OHLs and utilizing developed «magnetically clean» OHLs to ensure the protection of public health from MFs has been substantiated. Scientific novelty. It has been theoretically proven and experimentally confirmed that it is the MFflux density, rather than the EF strength, that is the determining factor for establishing safe boundaries of OHL SPZ. The necessity of establishing the SPZ width at 30 m for 110 kV OHLs and 83 m for 330 kV OHLs is substantiated. The synthesis of «magnetically clean» OHLs based on the method of vector MF compensation has been performed. Practical value. Practical recommendations have been developed for normalizing OHL MF flux density by increasing the width of the SPZ (PZ) for 110-330 kV OHLs, and constructing synthesized «magnetically clean» OHLs for their local use in critical areas during the modernization of existing legacy OHLs. References 56, tables 3, figures 11.