Abstract
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of land characteristics, food productivity and structural innovations on the stability of Saudi economy. We assessed the long-term and short-term effects of these variables on economic stability by employing non-linear ARDL. Improvements in agricultural productivity and technological innovation seem to contribute positively to economic stability; inefficiencies in land use and water management appear to contribute negatively. The asymmetric impacts of positive and negative changes in these variables on economic outcomes were examined. Based on post-Vision 2030 scenarios, these economic drivers can be significantly improved in their relationship with stability through reforms for economic diversification and technological advancement. The findings reinforce the role of policies and regulations that ensure sustainable land management and investment in innovative research and development for Saudi Arabia’s long and stable economic development.