Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from Karthakolomban (KC) and Villard (VD) mangoes. The primary goal of the research was to find environmentally friendly methods for mango disease management. Bacterial and fungal pathogens were obtained from mango leaves showing the signs of disease. Healthy mango leaves, seeds, pulp and peel were also procured from the Export Agricultural Crop Garden, Middeniya, Sri Lanka, and an ethanolic extract was then prepared for antimicrobial study. Antibiotic and antifungal properties of the various extracts were tested by the agar well diffusion method. Meanwhile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined using the standard methods. The VD seed extract among the samples tested displayed the best antibacterial activity. The VD leaf extract had the lowest MIC value (6.25 g/mL) against
Bacillus pumilus
. The extracts least active against the fungal pathogens (12.50 g/mL MIC), were the VD seed extract against
Penicillium citrinum
and the VD pulp extract against
Fusarium equiseti
. A bacterial biofilm inhibiting anti-biofilm assays showed KC peel extract inhibited biofilm formation by
Pantoea wallisii
by 59.90%. The pathogenicity assays showed the virulence of the isolated pathogens, while the field trials confirmed the efficacy of the mango extracts in reducing canker and controlling the spread of leaf blight. These results clearly show that mango-derived ethanolic extracts can work as a natural source of antibiotics, which will be very effective in sustaining and managing mango diseases, as well as serving ecological alternatives in plant disease management.